Like ethics of duty, which clarify the meaning of duty without proving its value, ethics of happiness may establish that morality brings happiness, yet fail to demonstrate the value of human happiness itself.

The belief that human existence and happiness have intrinsic value might be true, but it cannot be accepted as a given, as it is precisely what evil challenges. Therefore, this belief must be definitively proven to counter such opposition. Accepting it as self-evident not only embraces an anthropocentric view where humanity never questions the value of its own existence and sees itself as the pinnacle of Creation, but also, more importantly, overlooks what is truly necessary to refute immoralism.

Therefore, the ethics of happiness do not provide an answer to the question of morality's foundation, as these doctrines focus on different questions, such as 'How can happiness be achieved?' and 'What is truly useful?' They rely on concepts like 'end' and 'desirable,' when the focus should instead be on 'value.'

It appears, then, that we must explore other directions to find an answer to our question. A hypothesis arises: to discover the foundation of morality, should we not conduct a 'genealogy of morality,' that is, uncover its origin? This is the hypothesis we will examine next.

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